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Education is a subject about which many British people care deeply. Most believe that the state should provide education 

free of charge

 and to a high standard. At election time, politicians who promise to spend more on education are popular with voters. Recently, there has been a lot of debate about students having 

to pay their own fees

 at university, as well as their 

living expenses

. Some people are afraid that poorer students will not receive enough financial help and will be discouraged from going on to 

higher education

.

An increasing number of children under 5 receive 

pre-school education

. Some go to 

playgroups

 several times a week and take part in structured play (= play with some educational purpose) with other children of the same age. Others go to a 

nursery school

 or to the 

nursery department

or 

kindergarten

 of a school. The availability of pre-school education varies from area to area, and parents often have to pay for it.

Children are required to be in 

full-time education

 between the ages of 5 and 16. Different areas of Britain have different 

school systems

. In some areas children receive their 

primary education

 at an 

infant school

 and then a 

junior school

, or at a 

primary school

 that combines the two. At about 11 they begin their secondary education at a 

comprehensive school

, a 

grammar school

 or a 

high school

. In other areas children go to a 

first school

 at age 5, a

middle school

 at 8 and an 

upper school

 from 13 onwards. Some pupils, especially those hoping 

to go to university,stay at school for the sixth form

or 

go to a sixth-form college

.

Most children go to

 state schools

. Some children go to 

independent schools

 run by private organizations, for which their parents have to pay fees. A few go to 

public schools

, such as Eton and Harrow. Younger children may attend a 

private preparatory school

 (or 

prep school

) until the age of 13. Some parents may send their children to private schools, even if this is against their principles, because they think that their children will 

receive a better education

.

Young people are expected to show respect for their teachers and obey school rules. Pupils who misbehave may be punished, e.g. by having 

to stay behind after school

. 

Corporal punishment

, being smacked or caned, was ended many years ago. Sometimes students get into more serious trouble, e.g. by being violent or through using drugs, and risk being 

expelled

.

The British education system aims to educate the whole person, so that each child 

develops his or her personality 

as well as 

gaining academic knowledge

. Most primary and secondary schools offer a range of 

extra-curricular activities

, including sports, music, community service and trips to places of interest. Secondary schools also 

give careers advice

 and help students to prepare for having a job by 

arranging short periods of work experience

 with local businesses.

Children have to study the 

core subjects

 of English, mathematics and science, and also the 

foundation subjects

of technology, geography, history, art, music and physical education. Older children take a foreign language. Children 

do standard assessment tests

 (SATs) at ages 7, 11 and 14. At 16 students 

take exams for the General Certificate of Secondary Education

 (GCSE). Some may 

take GNVQs

(General National Vocational Qualifications) in work-related subjects. Some students go on to study for 

A levels

 in three or four subjects.

A smaller percentage of British students 

go on to further or higher education

 than in any other European country. Many students go to university and 

study for a bachelor's degree

. Others 

study for a certificate or diploma

 at a college of further education. Most courses at these colleges 

train people in a particular skill

 and 

combine periods of study with work experience

.

Some people return to education later in life and 

attend evening classes

 run by adult education institutes. Open learning schemes enable people to obtain recognized qualifications, such as a degree from the Open University or a qualification in accountancy, without having to leave their job.